When talking about graphene, we must first mention the natural mineral graphite that is widely present in our daily life.

As an allotrope of carbon, graphite is a layered product, and the carbon atoms inside graphite are arranged layer by layer. Carbon atoms in the exact same layer “hold hands” and are closely linked, yet the mix of carbon atoms in between various layers is loose, like a stack of playing cards. With a gentle press, the cards will certainly glide apart.

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From the point of view of chemical framework, graphite is a transitional crystal between atomic crystals, metal crystals and molecular crystals. In the crystal, carbon atoms in the same layer form covalent bonds with sp2 hybridization, each carbon atom is attached to 3 other carbon atoms, and 6 carbon atoms create a routine hexagonal ring on the exact same plane, extending to develop a sheet structure.

If graphite is a pile of playing cards, then graphene is among the cards in this stack of playing cards. Graphene is a two-dimensional material composed of a single layer of carbon atoms. Stacking graphene layer by layer is graphite. A 1 mm thick graphite contains regarding 3 million layers of graphene.

Although graphene exists in nature, it is challenging to remove a solitary layer framework.

Greater than 20 years back, Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, researchers at the College of Manchester in the UK, thought that there should be a means to obtain a solitary layer of graphite.

How can a solitary layer of graphite be peeled? Scientists took a really “straightforward and crude” technique – sticking it with tape.

“Similar to when we compose a typo on paper, we will stick the typo with tape.” Based upon this, scientists boldly connect that if tape can adhere to the surface area of paper, can it additionally adhere to layers of graphite?

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In the experiment, researchers stuck both sides of pyrolytic graphite flakes to a special tape, and detached the tape, the graphite sheet was split right into 2. Although the density of graphite right now is still far from that of a solitary layer of graphite, scientists have actually validated the expediency of this method – each time the tape is made use of, the graphite becomes thinner. By insisting on utilizing this “mechanical peeling approach” to duplicate the operation, they finally obtained a thin sheet containing just one layer of carbon atoms, which is graphene.

Nevertheless, this approach of repeatedly scrubing graphite sheets with tape to acquire graphene has low production performance and can only be utilized to prepare micron-thick graphene, and can not be mass-produced industrially.

Later on, with the improvement of scientific and technical levels, the preparation method of graphene has actually likewise made fantastic progression. Today, in addition to this standard physical and mechanical peeling method, there are likewise lots of techniques for preparing graphene, such as redox technique, solvent peeling method, chemical vapor deposition, etc

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